Scientific research endometriosis: what does it involve?

Many women live with pain or fatigue for years without knowing exactly why. Sometimes it feels like your body is trying to tell you something, but you don’t get a clear answer. What if those signs have to do with endometriosis?

At Beppy, we often hear stories from women who didn’t find out what was really going on for years. That’s why we delve into what science says about endometriosis. What do researchers now know about the causes, symptoms and possible ways to deal with it? In this article, you’ll read what the scientific research on endometriosis tells us and how that knowledge helps women better understand their own bodies.

Please note that the information in this article is intended to inform and inspire. For medical complaints or questions, it is important to always contact a physician or specialist.

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows in places where it doesn’t belong, such as in the abdominal cavity or around the ovaries. That tissue responds to hormones, as does the lining of the uterus itself, which can cause inflammation and pain.

According to scientific research on endometriosis, the condition affects an estimated one in 10 women of childbearing age worldwide(WHO – Endometriosis Fact Sheet). Yet it takes an average of six to eight years for a person to receive a correct diagnosis. This is because, for example, the symptoms are often confused with other conditions, or because pain during menstruation is still too often considered “normal.”

Science tells us that endometriosis affects not only the body, but also daily life. Research shows that women with endometriosis are more likely to suffer from fatigue, difficulty concentrating and lower quality of life(Dovepress, 2022).

“I thought everyone had so much pain during menstruation. It wasn’t until I heard stories from others that I realized my symptoms were not normal.” – Experience of a Beppy user

How common is endometriosis and what do the numbers say?

Meta-analyses show that it is estimated that between 10% and 18% of women of childbearing age have endometriosis.(PMC) Scientific research on endometriosis shows that estimates can vary from study to study. In some studies, the percentage is slightly lower, around 6 to 10 percent, because endometriosis is not always easy to recognize or diagnose.

A recent global study estimates that more than 170 million women worldwide are living with endometriosis (ScienceDirect, 2024).

Why is it difficult to determine exact numbers?

• The symptoms often resemble other conditions. Think menstrual pain or irritable bowel syndrome, which is why endometriosis is not always recognized.
• Many women do not seek help until late. Pain during menstruation is still often considered “normal,” so it can take years before a person receives further examination.
• The diagnosis is not easy. Endometriosis can only be diagnosed with certainty through an exploratory abdominal examination, and this is by no means done in everyone.
• The severity of the pain does not say everything. Some women have few visible abnormalities but a lot of pain, while others experience few symptoms.

Want to know if your symptoms could fit with endometriosis? Read on to the section on symptoms and what you can do.

What does scientific research teach about causes and diagnosis?

Researchers agree that endometriosis is not a simple condition with one clear cause. Several processes in the body may play a role together. Heredity, hormones and the functioning of the immune system all seem to influence it.

Causes and risk factors

The mechanism of endometriosis is complex and not yet fully elucidated. Scientific research on endometriosis suggests several possible explanations, such as:

• Family history increases risk. If endometriosis occurs in your mother or sister, you are more likely to develop it as well.
• The tissue outside the uterus responds to hormones. It closely resembles endometrium and therefore can cause inflammation in the surrounding area (NEJM, 2018).
• Several theories exist. Consider refluxing menstrual blood (retrograde menstruation), an immune system dysregulation or the development of endometriosis from stem cells. These factors probably work together and it varies from woman to woman which role they play.

According to the research, what is the role of treatment and management?

Scientific research on endometriosis shows that there are several treatment options:

• Hormonal therapy or medication that inhibits estrogen action;
• Surgery to remove abnormalities or reduce pain;
• Lifestyle modifications and pain management, e.g., physical therapy and pain collaboration.

Scientific research endometriosis → what does it mean for you?

• Early recognition improves the chances of timely treatment and reduces the risk of worsening symptoms.
• Research emphasizes that customization is important: treatment mix depends on age, symptom pattern, desire for children, and severity.
• Because the course varies greatly from person to person, monitoring and close cooperation with a gynecologist is recommended.

Step-by-step action plan

• Note your pattern of symptoms: frequency, nature, impact on life.
• Discuss the possibility of endometriosis with your doctor or gynecologist.
• Ask about research and treatment options tailored to your situation.
• Inquire about lifestyle support: pain management, exercise, nutrition.
• Consider what your goals are: less pain, optimal fertility, work/social functioning.

Endometriosis and menstrual products

For many women with endometriosis, menstruation can be extra intense or painful. Therefore, choosing the right menstrual products plays an important role in how you feel during your cycle. Scientific research on endometriosis shows that women often look for products that provide less pressure in the vagina or lower abdomen, and reduce the risk of irritation or extra pain.

Soft, flexible products such as menstrual cups with a flexible rim or sponges without hard edges can feel nicer when the pelvic area is sensitive. Products without perfume or plastic layers also help keep the skin calmer.

There is no product that works best for every woman with endometriosis. The most important thing is to listen to your own body and choose what feels comfortable.

Do you recognize several signs consistent with endometriosis? Then don’t wait any longer: make an appointment today with your gynecologist or pelvic physical therapist and refer to the concept of “scientific research endometriosis” so that your conversation is well prepared. You deserve clarity and a customized approach!